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filename |
file type |
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Basic knowledge of semiconductor processes |
.pdf |
480Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
Microelectromechanical fabrication technology, especially silicon-based micromachining, which is the largest silicon semiconductor-based micromachining technology, originated from the process technology of semiconductor components, so it is necessary to introduce this process clearly |
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Commonly used schematic component symbols |
.pdf |
534Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
Commonly used schematic component symbols
RES1 RES2 RES3 RES4 VARISTOR
ELECTRO1 ELECTRO2 CAP CAPVAR CAPACITOR
CAPACITOR POL INDUCTOR-INDUCTOR VARIABLE IRON
INDUCTOR-INDUCTOR VARIABLE IRON
INDUCTOR-INDUCTOR VARIABLE IRON DIODE DIODE SCHOTTKY
DIODE TUNNEL DIODE VARACTOR ZENER1 ZENER2
ZENER3 BATTERY NPN PNP
NPN1 PNP1 NPN DAR PNP DAR
NPN DIAC PNP DIAC NPN-PHOTO PNP-PHOTO
PHOTO NPN ANTENNA AND OR
BUFFER XOR SOURCE CURRENT NAND
NOR NOT XNOR SOURCE VOLTAGE POT1
POT2 RESISTOR TAPPED FUSE1 FUSE2 LED
PHOTO PLUGSOCKET THERMAL FUSE TRANZORB LAMP |
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TEC1 series refrigeration elements should be paid attention to during use |
.pdf |
281Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
When using non-specialized equipment to inspect the device, the temperature of the hot end must be lower than 80°C under the operating parameters (including changing the direction of the current from the cold end to the hot end). Under the condition that there is no heat dissipation at the hot end, the power is turned on instantly for testing, that is, touch the two ends of the cooler with your hands, feel a certain feeling of heat, and feel a slight cold feeling on one side. Otherwise, because the hot end temperature is too high, it is easy to cause the device to short circuit or cut off the view, and the cooler will be scrapped. |
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NTC thermistor is used for temperature collection |
.pdf |
417Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
This application example enables temperature measurement by NTC thermistors. The thermistor converts the change of temperature into a change in the resistance value, and then applies the corresponding measurement circuit to convert the change of resistance value into a change in voltage. SPMC75F2413A built-in 8-channel ADC can convert the analog voltage value into a digital signal, and the corresponding temperature value can be obtained by processing the numerical signal. |
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Speed measurement circuit using Hall elements |
.pdf |
116Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
Speed measurement is a common problem in industrial and agricultural production, and it is of great significance to learn to use microcontroller technology to design speed measurement instruments. To measure speed, the first thing to solve is the problem of sampling. When using simulation technology to make a tachymeter, the method of tachymeter generator is commonly used, that is, the shaft of the tachymeter generator is connected to the shaft to be measured, and the voltage of the tachymeter generator reflects the level of rotational speed. Velocity measurement using a microcontroller can be done using a simple pulse counting method. As long as the rotation of the shaft rotates for one week, one or more fixed pulses are generated and the pulses are fed into the microcontroller for counting, the rotational speed information can be obtained.
The following is a common toy motor as the speed measurement object, the CS3020 design signal acquisition circuit, through the voltage comparator to realize the output of the counting pulse, not only in the microcontroller experiment box for speed measurement, but also directly connect the output to the frequency meter or pulse counter to get the number of pulses per unit time, and convert to get the motor speed. This requires less hardware and no programming, but is only a validation of Hall sensor velocity measurement applications. |
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Principle and application of single-loop PID controller |
.pdf |
243Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
Main applications:
Industrial machinery manufacturing
Electric kilns
Plastic machinery
Printing and dyeing machinery
Scientific research instruments |
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Various oscillation circuit design textbooks |
.rar |
422Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
The sine wave generation circuit can generate a sine wave output, which is formed on the basis of the amplification circuit plus positive feedback, and it is the core circuit of various waveform generators and signal sources. Sine wave generation circuits are also known as sine wave oscillation circuits or sine wave oscillators.
9.1.1 Conditions for generating a sine wave
9.1.2 RC sine wave oscillation circuit
9.1.3 LC Sine Wave Oscillation Circuit
The conditions for generating a sine wave are very similar to those for the negative feedback amplification circuit to generate self-excitation. However, in the negative feedback amplification circuit, the signal frequency reaches both ends of the pass band, generating enough additional phase shift, so that the negative feedback becomes positive feedback. The positive feedback is added to the oscillation circuit, and the oscillation is only a frequency signal after the oscillation is established, and there is no additional phase shift |
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Various oscillation circuit design textbooks |
.rar |
422Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
The sine wave generation circuit can generate a sine wave output, which is formed on the basis of the amplification circuit plus positive feedback, and it is the core circuit of various waveform generators and signal sources. Sine wave generation circuits are also known as sine wave oscillation circuits or sine wave oscillators.
9.1.1 Conditions for generating a sine wave
9.1.2 RC sine wave oscillation circuit
9.1.3 LC Sine Wave Oscillation Circuit
The conditions for generating a sine wave are very similar to those for the negative feedback amplification circuit to generate self-excitation. However, in the negative feedback amplification circuit, the signal frequency reaches both ends of the pass band, generating enough additional phase shift, so that the negative feedback becomes positive feedback. The positive feedback is added to the oscillation circuit, and the oscillation is only a frequency signal after the oscillation is established, and there is no additional phase shift |
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Various oscillation circuit design textbooks |
.rar |
422Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
The sine wave generation circuit can generate a sine wave output, which is formed on the basis of the amplification circuit plus positive feedback, and it is the core circuit of various waveform generators and signal sources. Sine wave generation circuits are also known as sine wave oscillation circuits or sine wave oscillators.
9.1.1 Conditions for generating a sine wave
9.1.2 RC sine wave oscillation circuit
9.1.3 LC Sine Wave Oscillation Circuit
The conditions for generating a sine wave are very similar to those for the negative feedback amplification circuit to generate self-excitation. However, in the negative feedback amplification circuit, the signal frequency reaches both ends of the pass band, generating enough additional phase shift, so that the negative feedback becomes positive feedback. The positive feedback is added to the oscillation circuit, and the oscillation is only a frequency signal after the oscillation is established, and there is no additional phase shift |
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Design electronic compass with KMZ51 and KMZ52 |
.pdf |
308Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
The KMZ51 and KMZ52 from Philips Semiconductors are magnetic field sensors, dedicated to compass
applications. Both sensors rely on the magnetoresistive effect and provide the required sensitivity and linearity
to measure the weak magnetic field of the earth. While the KMZ51 is a single axis field sensor, the KMZ52
comprises a two-dimensional field sensor, as it is required for a compass, within one package. Both devices are
equipped with integrated set/reset and compensation coils. These coils allow to apply the flipping technique for
offset cancellation and the electro-magnetic feedback technique for elimination of the sensitivity drift with
temperature. |
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The UZZ9001 of the chip is adjusted using the sensor KMZ41 and the sensor signal |
.pdf |
817Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Angle measurement is frequently required in both automotive and industrial applications. Contactless methods
have the advantage that they are free of wear. If a magnetic field acts as the transmitter between the physical
value to be measured and the actual sensor, the magnetic system and the signal conditioning electronics can be
encapsulated separately making such systems robust against dirt, dust and liquid as well as mechanical
destruction. Among this class of measurement systems, those using the magnetoresistive effect (MR effect) are
characterised by the additional feature that they evaluate the direction of the magnetic field and not the field
strength. Therefore MR based systems tolerate variations in field strength caused by ageing or temperaturesensitivity
of the magnet as well as mechanical tolerances. This recommends MR based systems for applications
where robust, precise, and also cost-efficient solutions are required. |
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Clock chip DS1302 and its application in data logging |
.doc |
41Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Clock chip DS1302 and its application in data logging: This paper introduces the structure and working principle of DS1302, a low-power clock chip launched by DALLAS in the United States, and its application in the measurement system. It can time years, months, days, Sundays, hours, minutes, and seconds, and has various functions such as leap year compensation. The DS1302 is used for data logging, especially for certain data points of special significance, and can record data at the same time as the time when the data appeared. This kind of recording is of great significance for the analysis of long-term continuous measurement and control system results and the search for the reasons for the occurrence of abnormal data.
Keywords: data logging clock chip DS1302 hardware circuit software design
In measurement and control systems, especially in long-term unmanned measurement and control systems, it is often necessary to record certain data of special significance and the time of their appearance. Recording and analyzing these special data is of great significance to the performance analysis and normal operation of the measurement and control system. The traditional data recording method is interval sampling or timed sampling, and there is no specific time record, so only data can be recorded and the time of its appearance cannot be accurately recorded. If you use a microcontroller for timing, on the one hand, you need to use counters, which occupies hardware resources, and on the other hand, you need to set interrupts, queries, etc., which also consumes the resources of the microcontroller, and some measurement and control systems may not allow it. The DS1302 in the system solves this problem well. |
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Application circuit description of NE564 |
.pdf |
181Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
The NE564 contains the functional blocks shown in Figure 1. In
addition to the normal PLL functions of phase comparator, VCO,
amplifier and low-pass filter, the NE564 has internal circuitry for an
input signal limiter, a DC retriever, and a Schmitt trigger. The
complete circuit for the NE564 is shown in Figure 1. |
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Clock regenerator with crystal-controlled PLR voltage-controlled oscillator |
.pdf |
171Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
In order to obtain a local clock signal in Multiplexed Data Transmission systems, a phase and frequency coherent method of signal extraction is required. A Master-Slave system using the quartz crystal as the primary frequency determining element in a phase-lock loop VCO is used to reproduce a phase coherent clock from an asynchronous Data Stream. |
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Two methods of synchronizing FIFO memory deep expansion |
.pdf |
817Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Applications often require FIFO buffers deeper than those offered by discrete devices. By depth expanding multiple devices,a logically deeper FIFO can be constructed. The synchronous FIFO family offers two approaches to this common
application. The CY7C42x5 family of x18 devices contain an on-chip expansion circuit, allowing very simple cascading. The CY7C42x1 family of x9 FIFOs take a very different approach since the on-chip expansion logic is not available.
Both approaches will be discussed in detail, examining the advantages and disadvantages of each. |
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Triode series model, polarity, pin, function and parameters |
.pdf |
245Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Triode series model, polarity, pin, function and parameters
Product Name Polar Pin Function Parameter
MPSA42 NPN 21E Telephone Video Amplification 300V0.5A0.625W
MPSA92 PNP 21E Telephone Video Amplification 300V0.5A0.625W
MPS2222A NPN 21 High Frequency Amplification 75V0.6A0.625W300MHZ
9011 NPN EBC High Frequency Amplification 50V30mA0.4W150MHz
9012 PNP SMD LF Amplification 50V0.5A0.625W
9013 NPN EBC LF Amplification 50V0.5A0.625W
9013 NPN SMD LF Amplification 50V0.5A0.625W
9014 NPN EBC Low Noise Amplification 50V0.1A0.4W150MHZ
9015 PNP EBC Low Noise Amplification 50V0.1A0.4W150MHZ
9018 NPN EBC High Frequency Amplification 30V50MA0.4W1GHZ
8050 NPN EBC High Frequency Amplification 40V1.5A1W100MHZ
8550 PNP EBC High Frequency Amplification 40V1.5A1W100MHZ
2N2222 NPN 4A High Frequency Amplification 60V0.8A0.5W25/200NSβ=45
2N2222A NPN Small Iron High Frequency Amplification 75V0.6A0.625W300MHZ
2N2369 NPN 4A Switch 40V0.5A0.3W800MHZ
2N2907 NPN 4A General Purpose 60V0.6A0.4W26/70NSβ=200
2N3055 NPN 12 Power Amplification 100V15A115W
2N3440 NPN 6 VCF Switch 450V1A1W15MHZ
2N3773 NPN 12 Audio Amplifier Switch 160V16A150W COP 2N6609
2N3904 NPN 21E General Purpose 60V0.2Aβ=100-400
2N3906 PNP 21E General Purpose 40V0.2Aβ=100-400
2N5401 PNP 21E Video Amplification 160V0.6A0.625W100MHZ
2N5551 NPN 21E Video Amplification 160V0.6A0.625W100MHZ
2N5685 NPN 12 Audio Amplifier Switch 60V50A300W
2N6277 NPN 12 Amplifier Switch 180V50A250W
2N6609 PNP 12 Audio Amplifier Switch 160V15A150W COP 2N3773
2N6678 NPN 12 Audio Amplifier Switch 650V15A175W15MHZ
2N6718 NPN Small Iron Audio Amplifier Switch 100V2A2W50MHZ
3DA87A NPN 6 Video Amplification 100V0.1A1W
3DG6A NPN 6 General Purpose 15V20mA0.1W100MHz
3DG6B NPN 6 General Purpose 20V20mA0.1W150MHz
3DG6C NPN 6 Universal 20V20mA0.1W250MHz
3DG6D NPN 6 Universal 30V20mA0.1W150MHz
3DG12C NPN 7 Universal 45V0.3A0.7W200MHz
3DK2B NPN 7 Switch 30V30mA0.2W
3DK4B NPN 7 Switch 40V0.8A0.7W
3DK7C NPN 7 Switch 25V50mA0.3W
3DD15D NPN 12 Power Switch 300V5A50W
3DD102C NPN 12 Power Switch 300V5A50W
3522V 5.2V voltage regulator video recorder
A634 PNP 28E Audio Amplifier Switch 40V2A10W
A708 PNP 6 NF/S 80V0.7A0.8W
A715C PNP 29 Audio Amplifier Switch 35V2.5A10W160MHZ
A733 PNP 21 Universal 50V0.1A180MHZ
A741 PNP 4 S 20V0.1A |
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Take DS1820 as an example to introduce the performance and circuit of the temperature control demonstration board |
.pdf |
514Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
• Direct–to–digital, direct–to–PC instrumentation with graphical user interface demo
• Ready to use temperature control demonstration including piezo–sensor for sensing of mechanical
activity and LED to simulate opto–isolators
• Features minimalist sensor chips and 1–Wire line–powered MicroLANTM networking technique
• Self–configuring TMEX–based software automatically identifies devices and assigns communication port
• Includes DS1820 1–Wire Thermometer and DS2407 Addressable Switch as a Sensor/Actuator |
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Select the processor reset IC |
.pdf |
260Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Microcontroller and microprocessor based systems rely on processor
supervisory functions to insure stable operation. The most basic of all these functions is managing the processor reset input. To ensure stable operation, the processor must be held in reset any time supply voltage is out-of-tolerance. Once supply voltage is in-tolerance, the processor must be maintained in reset for an additional time period to ensure a stable start-up. The processor reset function may be contained on-board the processor itself, or may be externally implemented using discrete components or a supervisor IC. |
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How to best use digital programmable delay generators in your application |
.pdf |
76Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
The AD9500 and AD9501 digitally programmable delay generators are versatile parts, useful in numerous applications. The parts are designed for use in automatic test equipment as a deskew element for digital data lines.
The versatility of the AD9500 and AD9501 for generating programmable delays allows them to be used in applications that range from ATE to communications, computers,disk drives, lasers and ultrasound systems. This note describes how best to apply these parts in some of these applications. |
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Combine the op-amp and buffer BUF634 to get more output power |
.pdf |
78Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
As long as amplifiers have existed, engineers have been dreaming of an “ideal” op amp. As little noise as possible,high bandwidth, great precision, unlimited input impedance,and output impedance close to 0W—these are specifications desirable for every application. Unfortunately, no op amp can fulfill all of these requirements, particularly not while remaining affordable. A good solution, therefore, is to combine two components, using the best of both parts to achieve desired specifications. |
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Low voltage capacitor characteristics |
.pdf |
154Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. |
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Choose the appropriate level switching scheme |
.pdf |
576Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Dual-Supply Level Translators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Product Portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Open-Drain Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1 Application Example − Level Translation Using the SN74LVC2G07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Do Not Use Pullup Resistors at Outputs of CMOS Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 FET Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 CBT and CBTD Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 Using Translation Voltage Clamp (TVC) Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 Overvoltage-Tolerant Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 Devices With TTL-Compatible Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7 Summary of Translation Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 |
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CMOS power consumption and capacitance calculation |
.pdf |
117Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current |
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Resistive capacitive reset and monitor reset pulse comparison |
.pdf |
100Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Resistor capacitance reset and monitor reset pulse comparison: |
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Introduction to CNC potentiometers |
.pdf |
70Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
There are two types of potentiometers; mechanical and electronic. The terminals of the mechanical potentiometer are called CW (clockwise), CCW (counter clockwise), and wiper. The corresponding names or designations for the
terminals of the electronic version are VH or RH, VL or RL,and the wiper VW or RW. The mechanical pot is a three terminal device while the electronic pot is an integrated circuit with a minimum of eight terminals. |
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RLD-78 series laser diodes and their applications |
.pdf |
147Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
RLD-78 series laser diodes and their applications |
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Design power factors using the Greenline Power Factor Controller MC33260 |
.pdf |
262Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
The MC33260 is an active power factor controller that
functions as a boost pre–converter which, meeting
international standard requirement in electronic ballast and
off–line power supply application. MC33260 is designed to
drive a free running frequency discontinuous mode, it can
also be synchronized and in any case, it features very
effective protections that ensure a safe and reliable
operation.
This circuit is also optimized to offer extremely compact
and cost effective PFC solutions. It does not entail the need
of auxiliary winding for zero current detection hence a
simple coil can be used instead of a transformer if the
MC33260 Vcc is drawn from the load (please refer to page
19 of the data sheet). While it requires a minimum number
of external components, the MC33260 can control the
follower boost operation that is an innovative mode
allowing a drastic size reduction of both the inductor and the
power switch. Ultimately, the solution system cost is
significantly lowered.
Also able to function in a traditional way (constant output
voltage regulation level), any intermediary solutions can be
easily implemented. This flexibility makes it ideal to
optimally cope with a wide range of applications.
This application note will discuss on the design of power
factor correction circuit with MC33260 with traditional
boost constant output voltage regulation level operation and
follower boost variable output voltage regulation level
operation. For derivation of the design equations related to
the IC please refer to MC33260 data sheet. |
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Photodiode and amplifier integrated device OPT301 |
.pdf |
99Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
Many measurement circuits require photoelectric detection circuits, and photodiodes and operational amplifiers are often necessary components, but discrete designs generally have insurmountable shortcomings such as leakage current error, mixed noise and gain spikes caused by stray capacitors, OPT301 can eliminate these disadvantages to the greatest extent due to the integration of photodiode and amplifier on the same chip, OPT301 can eliminate these disadvantages to the greatest extent, OPT301 working principle, technical specifications and commonly used application circuits are introduced. |
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How to design a stand-alone battery DC-DC converter with HIP4082 |
.pdf |
267Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
How to design a stand-alone battery DC-DC converter with HIP4082: The advent of the personal computer (PC), has created the
need for uninterruptible power supplies to insulate computers
from line dips and temporary outages that plague PC
reliability. In addition, numerous other applications exist for
DC to AC inverters including small tools or accessories from
a DC battery source in automobiles. There is a need, too, for
providing battery backup in the telephone industry for 20Hz
ring generators.
The HIP4082 DC/AC Evaluation Board (subsequently referred
to as the “eval-board”) featuring the HIP4082 is one way to
increase the performance, while reducing cost of DC to AC
conversion. The topology chosen uses the HIP4082 to
provide a 60kHz, low voltage, square-wave to drive a small
isolation power transformer. The output of this transformer is
rectified, filtered, and the high voltage inverted again to
produce the desired low frequency (55Hz) output waveform.
(55Hz was chosen as a compromise between the 50Hz and
60Hz power standards.) A variable duty-cycle quasi-squarewave
output waveform was chosen over a sinusoidal
waveform for simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The 60kHz
frequency of the primary-side inverter minimizes cost and size
of the transformer, while the square-wave output waveform
minimizes the size of the secondary-side rectifier filter. |
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How to pre-assign pins for XC9500 Series CPLD devices |
.pdf |
95Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
Reducing time to market is critical in today’s highly competitive
marketplace, and designers often need to prototype
their products as swiftly as possible. Because PC board
production is often the slowest part of the development process,
it is often advantageous to begin PC board layout
before the CPLD designs are complete. This requires
designers to preassign device pins. |
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