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半导体制程基本知识 |
.pdf |
480Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
微机电制作技术，尤其是最大宗以硅半导体为基础的微细加工技术(silicon- based micromachining)，原本就肇源于半导体组件的制程技术，所以必须先介绍清楚这类制程
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常用原理图元件符号 |
.pdf |
534Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
常用原理图元件符号
RES1 RES2 RES3 RES4 VARISTOR
ELECTRO1 ELECTRO2 CAP CAPVAR CAPACITOR
CAPACITOR POL INDUCTOR-INDUCTOR VARIABLE IRON
INDUCTOR-INDUCTOR VARIABLE IRON
INDUCTOR-INDUCTOR VARIABLE IRON DIODE DIODE SCHOTTKY
DIODE TUNNEL DIODE VARACTOR ZENER1 ZENER2
ZENER3 BATTERY NPN PNP
NPN1 PNP1 NPN DAR PNP DAR
NPN DIAC PNP DIAC NPN-PHOTO PNP-PHOTO
PHOTO NPN ANTENNA AND OR
BUFFER XOR SOURCE CURRENT NAND
NOR NOT XNOR SOURCE VOLTAGE POT1
POT2 RESISTOR TAPPED FUSE1 FUSE2 LED
PHOTO PLUGSOCKET THERMAL FUSE TRANZORB LAMP
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TEC1系列致冷元件使用中注意问题 |
.pdf |
281Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
当採用非专用设备检验该器件时，在工作参数下，热端的温度必须低于80℃，(含改变电流方向冷端变成热端)。在热端没有散热条件下，瞬间通电进行试验，即用手触摸致冷器的两个端面，感到有一定的热感，一面稍有冷感即可。否则由于热端温度太高，极易造成器件短路或断览使致冷器报废。
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采用NTC热敏电阻做温度采集 |
.pdf |
417Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
本应用例实现NTC热敏电阻器对温度的测量。热敏电阻器把温度的变化转换为电阻阻值的变化，再应用相应的测量电路把阻值的变化转换为电压的变化；SPMC75F2413A内建8路ADC可以把模拟的电压值转换为数字信号，对数值信号进行处理可以得到相应的温度值。
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采用霍尔元件的测速电路 |
.pdf |
116Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
测速是工农业生产中经常遇到的问题，学会使用单片机技术设计测速仪表具有很重要的意义。要测速，首先要解决是采样的问题。在使用模拟技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。使用单片机进行测速，可以使用简单的脉冲计数法。只要转轴每旋转一周，产生一个或固定的多个脉冲，并将脉冲送入单片机中进行计数，即可获得转速的信息。
下面以常见的玩具电机作为测速对象，用CS3020设计信号获取电路，通过电压比较器实现计数脉冲的输出，既可在单片机实验箱进行转速测量，也可直接将输出接到频率计或脉冲计数器，得到单位时间内的脉冲数，进行换算即可得电机转速。这样可少用硬件，不需编程，但仅是对霍尔传感器测速应用的验证。
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单回路PID控制器原理及应用 |
.pdf |
243Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
主要应用
工业机械制造
电气窑炉
塑胶机械
印染机械
科研仪器
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各种震荡电路设计教材 |
.rar |
422Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
正弦波发生电路能产生正弦波输出，它是在放大电路的基础上加上正反馈而形成的，它是各类波形发生器和信号源的核心电路。正弦波发生电路也称为正弦波振荡电路或正弦波振荡器。
9.1.1 产生正弦波的条件
9.1.2 RC正弦波振荡电路
9.1.3 LC正弦波振荡电路
产生正弦波的条件与负反馈放大电路产生自激的条件十分类似。只不过负反馈放大电路中是由于信号频率达到了通频带的两端，产生了足够的附加相移，从而使负反馈变成了正反馈。在振荡电路中加的就是正反馈，振荡建立后只是一种频率的信号，无所谓附加相移
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各种震荡电路设计教材 |
.rar |
422Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
正弦波发生电路能产生正弦波输出，它是在放大电路的基础上加上正反馈而形成的，它是各类波形发生器和信号源的核心电路。正弦波发生电路也称为正弦波振荡电路或正弦波振荡器。
9.1.1 产生正弦波的条件
9.1.2 RC正弦波振荡电路
9.1.3 LC正弦波振荡电路
产生正弦波的条件与负反馈放大电路产生自激的条件十分类似。只不过负反馈放大电路中是由于信号频率达到了通频带的两端，产生了足够的附加相移，从而使负反馈变成了正反馈。在振荡电路中加的就是正反馈，振荡建立后只是一种频率的信号，无所谓附加相移
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各种震荡电路设计教材 |
.rar |
422Kb |
2011/8/31 0:00:00 |
正弦波发生电路能产生正弦波输出，它是在放大电路的基础上加上正反馈而形成的，它是各类波形发生器和信号源的核心电路。正弦波发生电路也称为正弦波振荡电路或正弦波振荡器。
9.1.1 产生正弦波的条件
9.1.2 RC正弦波振荡电路
9.1.3 LC正弦波振荡电路
产生正弦波的条件与负反馈放大电路产生自激的条件十分类似。只不过负反馈放大电路中是由于信号频率达到了通频带的两端，产生了足够的附加相移，从而使负反馈变成了正反馈。在振荡电路中加的就是正反馈，振荡建立后只是一种频率的信号，无所谓附加相移
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用KMZ51和KMZ52设计电子指南针 |
.pdf |
308Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
The KMZ51 and KMZ52 from Philips Semiconductors are magnetic field sensors, dedicated to compass
applications. Both sensors rely on the magnetoresistive effect and provide the required sensitivity and linearity
to measure the weak magnetic field of the earth. While the KMZ51 is a single axis field sensor, the KMZ52
comprises a two-dimensional field sensor, as it is required for a compass, within one package. Both devices are
equipped with integrated set/reset and compensation coils. These coils allow to apply the flipping technique for
offset cancellation and the electro-magnetic feedback technique for elimination of the sensitivity drift with
temperature. |
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使用传感器KMZ41和传感器信号调节芯片UZZ9001 |
.pdf |
817Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Angle measurement is frequently required in both automotive and industrial applications. Contactless methods
have the advantage that they are free of wear. If a magnetic field acts as the transmitter between the physical
value to be measured and the actual sensor, the magnetic system and the signal conditioning electronics can be
encapsulated separately making such systems robust against dirt, dust and liquid as well as mechanical
destruction. Among this class of measurement systems, those using the magnetoresistive effect (MR effect) are
characterised by the additional feature that they evaluate the direction of the magnetic field and not the field
strength. Therefore MR based systems tolerate variations in field strength caused by ageing or temperaturesensitivity
of the magnet as well as mechanical tolerances. This recommends MR based systems for applications
where robust, precise, and also cost-efficient solutions are required. |
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时钟芯片DS1302及其在数据记录中的应用 |
.doc |
41Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
时钟芯片DS1302及其在数据记录中的应用:介绍了美国DALLAS公司推出的低功耗时钟芯片DS1302的结构和工作原理及其在测量系统中的应用。它可以对年、月、日、周日、时、分、秒进行计时，且具有闰年补偿等多种功能。DS1302用于数据记录，特别是对某些具有特殊意义的数据点的记录上，能实现数据与出现该数据的时间同时记录。这种记录对长时间的连续测控系统结果的分析以及对异常数据出现的原因的查找有重要意义。
关键词： 数据记录 时钟芯片DS1302 硬件电路 软件设计
在测量控制系统中，特别是长时间无人职守的测控系统中，经常需要记录某些具有特殊意义的数据及其出现的时间。记录及分析这些特殊意义的数据，对测控系统的性能分析及正常运行具有重要的意义。传统的数据记录方式是隔时采样或定时采样，没有具体的时间记录，因此只能记录数据而无法准确记录其出现的时间；若采用单片机计时，一方面需要采用计数器，占用硬件资源，另一方面需要设置中断、查询等，同样耗费单片机的资源，而且某些测控系统可能不允许。而在系统中采用DS1302则能很好地解决这个问题。 |
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NE564的应用电路描述 |
.pdf |
181Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
The NE564 contains the functional blocks shown in Figure 1. In
addition to the normal PLL functions of phase comparator, VCO,
amplifier and low-pass filter, the NE564 has internal circuitry for an
input signal limiter, a DC retriever, and a Schmitt trigger. The
complete circuit for the NE564 is shown in Figure 1. |
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带晶体控制的锁相环压控振荡器的时钟再生器 |
.pdf |
171Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
In order to obtain a local clock signal in Multiplexed Data Transmission systems, a phase and frequency coherent method of signal extraction is required. A Master-Slave system using the quartz crystal as the primary frequency determining element in a phase-lock loop VCO is used to reproduce a phase coherent clock from an asynchronous Data Stream. |
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同步FIFO存储器深度扩展的两种方法 |
.pdf |
817Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Applications often require FIFO buffers deeper than those offered by discrete devices. By depth expanding multiple devices,a logically deeper FIFO can be constructed. The synchronous FIFO family offers two approaches to this common
application. The CY7C42x5 family of x18 devices contain an on-chip expansion circuit, allowing very simple cascading.The CY7C42x1 family of x9 FIFOs take a very different approach since the on-chip expansion logic is not available.
Both approaches will be discussed in detail, examining the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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三极管系列型号、极性、管脚、功能及参数 |
.pdf |
245Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
三极管系列型号、极性、管脚、功能及参数
品 名 极性管脚功 能 参 数
MPSA42 NPN 21E 电话视频放大300V0.5A0.625W
MPSA92 PNP 21E 电话视频放大300V0.5A0.625W
MPS2222A NPN 21 高频放大75V0.6A0.625W300MHZ
9011 NPN EBC 高频放大50V30mA0.4W150MHz
9012 PNP 贴片低频放大50V0.5A0.625W
9013 NPN EBC 低频放大50V0.5A0.625W
9013 NPN 贴片低频放大50V0.5A0.625W
9014 NPN EBC 低噪放大 50V0.1A0.4W150MHZ
9015 PNP EBC 低噪放大 50V0.1A0.4W150MHZ
9018 NPN EBC 高频放大30V50MA0.4W1GHZ
8050 NPN EBC 高频放大40V1.5A1W100MHZ
8550 PNP EBC 高频放大40V1.5A1W100MHZ
2N2222 NPN 4A 高频放大60V0.8A0.5W25/200NSβ=45
2N2222A NPN 小铁高频放大75V0.6A0.625W300MHZ
2N2369 NPN 4A 开关 40V0.5A0.3W800MHZ
2N2907 NPN 4A 通用 60V0.6A0.4W26/70NSβ=200
2N3055 NPN 12 功率放大 100V15A115W
2N3440 NPN 6 视放开关 450V1A1W15MHZ
2N3773 NPN 12 音频功放开关160V16A150W COP 2N6609
2N3904 NPN 21E 通用 60V0.2Aβ=100-400
2N3906 PNP 21E 通用 40V0.2Aβ=100-400
2N5401 PNP 21E 视频放大160V0.6A0.625W100MHZ
2N5551 NPN 21E 视频放大160V0.6A0.625W100MHZ
2N5685 NPN 12 音频功放开关60V50A300W
2N6277 NPN 12 功放 开关 180V50A250W
2N6609 PNP 12 音频功放开关160V15A150W COP 2N3773
2N6678 NPN 12 音频功放开关650V15A175W15MHZ
2N6718 NPN 小铁音频功放开关100V2A2W50MHZ
3DA87A NPN 6 视频放大100V0.1A1W
3DG6A NPN 6 通用 15V20mA0.1W100MHz
3DG6B NPN 6 通用 20V20mA0.1W150MHz
3DG6C NPN 6 通用 20V20mA0.1W250MHz
3DG6D NPN 6 通用 30V20mA0.1W150MHz
3DG12C NPN 7 通用 45V0.3A0.7W200MHz
3DK2B NPN 7 开关 30V30mA0.2W
3DK4B NPN 7 开关 40V0.8A0.7W
3DK7C NPN 7 开关 25V50mA0.3W
3DD15D NPN 12 电源开关300V5A50W
3DD102C NPN 12 电源开关300V5A50W
3522V 5.2V稳压管录像机用
A634 PNP 28E 音频功放开关40V2A10W
A708 PNP 6 NF/S 80V0.7A0.8W
A715C PNP 29 音频功放开关35V2.5A10W160MHZ
A733 PNP 21 通用 50V0.1A180MHZ
A741 PNP 4 S 20V0.1A
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以DS1820为例，介绍温度控制演示板的性能，电路 |
.pdf |
514Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
• Direct–to–digital, direct–to–PC instrumentation with graphical user interface demo
• Ready to use temperature control demonstration including piezo–sensor for sensing of mechanical
activity and LED to simulate opto–isolators
• Features minimalist sensor chips and 1–Wire line–powered MicroLANTM networking technique
• Self–configuring TMEX–based software automatically identifies devices and assigns communication port
• Includes DS1820 1–Wire Thermometer and DS2407 Addressable Switch as a Sensor/Actuator |
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选择处理器复位IC |
.pdf |
260Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Microcontroller and microprocessor based systems rely on processor
supervisory functions to insure stable operation. The most basic of all these functions is managing the processor reset input.To ensure stable operation, the processor must be held in reset any time supply voltage is out-of-tolerance. Once supply voltage is in-tolerance, the processor must be maintained in reset for an additional time period to ensure a stable start-up. The processor reset function may be contained on-board the processor itself, or may be externally implemented using discrete components or a supervisor IC. |
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在应用中如何最好地运用数字可编程延迟发生器 |
.pdf |
76Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
The AD9500 and AD9501 digitally programmable delay generators are versatile parts, useful in numerous applications.The parts are designed for use in automatic test equipment as a deskew element for digital data lines.
The versatility of the AD9500 and AD9501 for generating programmable delays allows them to be used in applications that range from ATE to communications, computers,disk drives, lasers and ultrasound systems. This note describes how best to apply these parts in some of these applications. |
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组合运算放大器和缓冲器BUF634,以得到更大输出功 |
.pdf |
78Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
As long as amplifiers have existed, engineers have been dreaming of an “ideal” op amp. As little noise as possible,high bandwidth, great precision, unlimited input impedance,and output impedance close to 0W—these are specifications desirable for every application. Unfortunately, no op amp can fulfill all of these requirements, particularly not while remaining affordable. A good solution, therefore, is to combine two components, using the best of both parts to achieve desired specifications. |
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低压电容器特性 |
.pdf |
154Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. |
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选择恰当的电平转换方案 |
.pdf |
576Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Dual-Supply Level Translators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Product Portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Open-Drain Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1 Application Example − Level Translation Using the SN74LVC2G07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Do Not Use Pullup Resistors at Outputs of CMOS Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 FET Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 CBT and CBTD Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 Using Translation Voltage Clamp (TVC) Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 Overvoltage-Tolerant Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 Devices With TTL-Compatible Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7 Summary of Translation Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 |
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CMOS功耗与功耗电容量计算 |
.pdf |
117Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current |
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阻容复位器和监控器复位脉冲比较 |
.pdf |
100Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
阻容复位器和监控器复位脉冲比较:
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数控电位器入门 |
.pdf |
70Kb |
2011/8/29 0:00:00 |
There are two types of potentiometers; mechanical and electronic. The terminals of the mechanical potentiometer are called CW (clockwise), CCW (counter clockwise), and wiper. The corresponding names or designations for the
terminals of the electronic version are VH or RH, VL or RL,and the wiper VW or RW. The mechanical pot is a three terminal device while the electronic pot is an integrated circuit with a minimum of eight terminals. |
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RLD-78系列激光二极管及其应用 |
.pdf |
147Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
RLD-78系列激光二极管及其应用
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使用Greenline功率因数控制器MC33260设计功率因 |
.pdf |
262Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
The MC33260 is an active power factor controller that
functions as a boost pre–converter which, meeting
international standard requirement in electronic ballast and
off–line power supply application. MC33260 is designed to
drive a free running frequency discontinuous mode, it can
also be synchronized and in any case, it features very
effective protections that ensure a safe and reliable
operation.
This circuit is also optimized to offer extremely compact
and cost effective PFC solutions. It does not entail the need
of auxiliary winding for zero current detection hence a
simple coil can be used instead of a transformer if the
MC33260 Vcc is drawn from the load (please refer to page
19 of the data sheet). While it requires a minimum number
of external components, the MC33260 can control the
follower boost operation that is an innovative mode
allowing a drastic size reduction of both the inductor and the
power switch. Ultimately, the solution system cost is
significantly lowered.
Also able to function in a traditional way (constant output
voltage regulation level), any intermediary solutions can be
easily implemented. This flexibility makes it ideal to
optimally cope with a wide range of applications.
This application note will discuss on the design of power
factor correction circuit with MC33260 with traditional
boost constant output voltage regulation level operation and
follower boost variable output voltage regulation level
operation. For derivation of the design equations related to
the IC please refer to MC33260 data sheet. |
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光电二极管与放大器集成器件OPT301 |
.pdf |
99Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
许多测量电路都要用到光电检测电路，而光电二极管和运算放大器常常是其必要的组成部分，但分立式设计普遍存在着漏电流误差、混入噪声和杂散电容引起的增益尖峰等难以克服的缺点，OPT301由于将光电二极管和放大器集成于同一块芯片上，因而可最大程度消除这些不利因素，文中介绍了OPT301的工作原理、技术指标及常用的应用电路。 |
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如何用HIP4082设计一个独立电池DC-DC转换器 |
.pdf |
267Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
如何用HIP4082设计一个独立电池DC-DC转换器:The advent of the personal computer (PC), has created the
need for uninterruptible power supplies to insulate computers
from line dips and temporary outages that plague PC
reliability. In addition, numerous other applications exist for
DC to AC inverters including small tools or accessories from
a DC battery source in automobiles. There is a need, too, for
providing battery backup in the telephone industry for 20Hz
ring generators.
The HIP4082 DC/AC Evaluation Board (subsequently referred
to as the “eval-board”) featuring the HIP4082 is one way to
increase the performance, while reducing cost of DC to AC
conversion. The topology chosen uses the HIP4082 to
provide a 60kHz, low voltage, square-wave to drive a small
isolation power transformer. The output of this transformer is
rectified, filtered, and the high voltage inverted again to
produce the desired low frequency (55Hz) output waveform.
(55Hz was chosen as a compromise between the 50Hz and
60Hz power standards.) A variable duty-cycle quasi-squarewave
output waveform was chosen over a sinusoidal
waveform for simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The 60kHz
frequency of the primary-side inverter minimizes cost and size
of the transformer, while the square-wave output waveform
minimizes the size of the secondary-side rectifier filter. |
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如何预先分配XC9500系列 CPLD器件的引脚 |
.pdf |
95Kb |
2011/8/26 0:00:00 |
Reducing time to market is critical in today’s highly competitive
marketplace, and designers often need to prototype
their products as swiftly as possible. Because PC board
production is often the slowest part of the development process,
it is often advantageous to begin PC board layout
before the CPLD designs are complete. This requires
designers to preassign device pins. |
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